According to labeling theory, the criminal justice system sometimes invokes reintegrative forms of shaming and other times invokes disintegrative forms of shaming.

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Labeling theory suggests that the criminal justice system can employ both reintegrative shaming, which aims to reintegrate the offender back into society by expressing disapproval for the bad act, not the actor; and disintegrative shaming, which stigmatizes and isolates the offender, making reintegration difficult.

According to Labeling Theory, the Criminal Justice System Sometimes Invokes