Which of the following biomarkers is used in clinical medicine to indicate that a patient has heart failure?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Brain natriuretic peptide is a hormone released both by the brain and by the heart. In patients with decompensated heart failure, levels of BNP rise. Troponin I is a muscle protein released into the circulation when heart muscle, but not skeletal muscle is injured. It is used as a biomarker of myocardial ischemia or infarction. CK is another muscle enzyme released into the circulation when muscles are injured. It is found in both cardiac muscle and in skeletal muscle. D-dimer is a by-product of the degradation of blood clots; it is measured in clinical medicine to signal the presence of blood clots (especially deep venous thrombi and pulmonary emboli).

Which of the Following Biomarkers Is Used in Clinical Medicine