This theory of punishment looks to the past and not the future, and rests solely on the foundations of vindictive justice.

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Retribution is a theory of punishment that focuses on the past actions of the offender, aiming to ensure that the punishment is deserved and proportionate to the crime committed. It is based on the principle of vindictive justice, where the primary goal is to impose a penalty that is seen as a rightful response to the wrongdoing, without considering the future benefits or consequences of the punishment.

This Theory of Punishment Looks to the Past and Not