In the hypothetical example that follows, patients coming into a clinic with disease symptoms are classified as having varying degrees of severity, from Stage 0 to Stage 4. Stage 4 represents the most severe symptoms; Stage 0 includes those with symptoms only but not the disease. The available treatment is expected to benefit those groups differently, and add extra years of life to each person as shown in the Gain (each person) row in the table. Please answer questions 5 through 7.
? $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text {Stage 4 }& \text {Stage 3} & \text { Stage 2} & \text {Stage 1 }& \text {Stage 0 }& \quad\
\hline \text { Gain (each person) }& 45 & 30 & 4 & 1 & 0 & \
\hline \text {Number of persons coming to clinic }& 4 & 4 & 12 & 20 & 60 & \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Marginal analysis shows that more than 80% of the total gains are realized by treating only the sickest patients, Stage 4 and Stage 3 patients.

Question

In the hypothetical example that follows, patients coming into a clinic with disease symptoms are classified as having varying degrees of severity, from Stage 0 to Stage 4. Stage 4 represents the most severe symptoms; Stage 0 includes those with symptoms only but not the disease. The available treatment is expected to benefit those groups differently, and add extra years of life to each person as shown in the Gain (each person) row in the table. Please answer questions 5 through 7. 
? $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline &  \text {Stage 4 }&  \text {Stage 3} & \text { Stage 2} &  \text {Stage 1 }&  \text {Stage 0 }& \quad\
\hline \text { Gain (each person) }& 45 & 30 & 4 & 1 & 0 & \
\hline  \text {Number of persons coming to clinic }& 4 & 4 & 12 & 20 & 60 & \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Marginal analysis shows that more than 80% of the total gains are realized by treating only the sickest patients, Stage 4 and Stage 3 patients.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

First, calculate the total life years gained for each group by multiplying gain per person by the number of people in that group. See the last row in the table below for detailed calculations. Second, sum up the results to obtain the cumulative total of 368 life years gained by 100 people. See the last column in the table. Third, calculate the gain for the sickest patients only, by totaling the life years gained by Stage 4 and Stage 3 patients: 180 + 120 = 300. Since 300/368 = 81.5%, this statement is true.
? 11ee6803_194d_70ee_8bc5_53f2688c68a8_TB10141_00

In the Hypothetical Example That Follows, Patients Coming into a Clinic