According to Tagliabue, What Is "Forcing Europe's Relatively Small Players

According to Tagliabue, what is "forcing Europe's relatively small players to join forces to cover the cost of switching to digital and pay per view TV and of marketing integrated bundles of television, telephone, and internet services?"

A) The global economy
B) Competition from American multimedia conglomerates
C) Market demand
D) The devaluation of the Euro
E) All of the above