If a private citizen effects an arrest for a felony crime that the citizen did not observe, and no felony crime was in fact committed, the arresting person has protection from civil liability but not criminal liability.

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A private citizen making an arrest for a felony not committed and not observed by them may be subject to both civil and criminal liability, as they lack the legal authority and proper justification for such an action.

If a Private Citizen Effects an Arrest for a Felony