In an adversarial trial system, trial judges have a relatively passive role and act as referees, making sure that the defense and prosecution follow the rules and that due process is respected, while in an inquisitorial trial system, trial judges have an active and overarching role, typically directing and supervising the police's pretrial collection and preparation of evidence, sometimes conducting investigations themselves, interrogating witnesses, presenting evidence at trial, and ensuring an outcome based on the merits of the case.

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In an adversarial trial system, judges indeed act more as referees, ensuring fairness and adherence to the law, without taking an active part in investigating the case. Conversely, in an inquisitorial system, judges play a central role in investigating the case, examining evidence, and questioning witnesses, actively working to uncover the truth.

In an Adversarial Trial System, Trial Judges Have a Relatively