Which of the Following Is NOT a Reason for Dependency

Which of the following is NOT a reason for dependency theory falling out of favor?

A) Empirical studies have shown that terms of trade do not always deteriorate for producers of commodities.
B) Critics have raised the question of whether dependency creates social and economic backwardness or, by contrast, whether it is economic and social backwardness that leads to a situation of dependency.
C) Protectionist policies engendered by dependency theory were failures, leading to inefficiency and stifled technological progress.
D) By the 1990s many countries had experienced an economic boom due to successful protectionist trade policies.