In one replication of Milgram's (1974) study, three participants shocked the "learner" rather than one. Two of those "participants" were actually confederates, and at one point in the study, they refused to shock the learner. When the two other teachers defied the experimenter, the conformity level of the actual participant

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When the confederates (posing as participants) refused to administer shocks, it demonstrated disobedience to the authority figure (the experimenter), which likely reduced the pressure on the real participant to conform, thereby decreasing their conformity level. This is consistent with social impact theory, which suggests that the presence of dissenters can reduce conformity.

In One Replication of Milgram's (1974) Study, Three Participants Shocked