Research-based rationales for not using punishment did NOT include:

Question

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Punishment might indicate to a child that a behavior is undesirable, but it does not inherently convey a moral judgment about the behavior. The other options (B, C, D) are research-based rationales against the use of punishment, as they highlight negative consequences such as promoting the use of force, failing to teach new behaviors, and fostering a hostile worldview in children.

Research-Based Rationales for Not Using Punishment Did NOT Include