Assume that, before it joined the EU, the UK had to pay a tariff on Granny Smith apples imported from France. The UK grows both Coxes apples and Granny Smith apples but it is France that has a comparative advantage in the latter. When the UK joined the EU, one would have expected to see the UK

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When the UK joined the EU, tariffs on imports from other EU countries, including France, would have been eliminated or reduced, making French Granny Smith apples cheaper in the UK. Since France has a comparative advantage in producing Granny Smith apples, it is more efficient for the UK to import these from France rather than produce them domestically. Therefore, the UK would increase its imports and reduce its production of Granny Smith apples.

Assume That, Before It Joined the EU, the UK Had