The evolution of the cuticle was imperative before terrestrial habitats could be colonised. While a cuticle prevents desiccation it also prevents gas exchange and must therefore be perforated by air-pores, which then lose water by evaporation. Stomata allow plants to regulate water loss. The most primitive plants with stomata are

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Hornworts are among the most primitive plants with stomata, which are specialized structures that allow for gas exchange while minimizing water loss, a crucial adaptation for life on land.

The Evolution of the Cuticle Was Imperative Before Terrestrial Habitats