Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Truman's decision to end segregation in the U.S. military, and Johnson's development of affirmative action by federal policy are all examples of the use of executive orders.

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All three actions were indeed implemented through executive orders: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation (1863) declared slaves in Confederate states to be free; Truman's Executive Order 9981 (1948) desegregated the armed forces; and Johnson's Executive Order 11246 (1965) enforced affirmative action in hiring practices among federal contractors.

Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, Truman's Decision to End Segregation in the U.S