The assumption that a legislator will represent or favor only his or her own ethnic group or gender (as opposed to the entire population) is generally referred to as

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Symbolic representation refers to the idea that elected officials serve as symbols of their constituents' identities or characteristics, such as ethnicity or gender, rather than necessarily acting in their constituents' best interests or according to their preferences. This concept suggests that the presence of a representative who shares an identity with a particular group can have symbolic importance, even if their policy actions do not directly benefit that group.

The Assumption That a Legislator Will Represent or Favor Only