The idea that "power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments" was described by Madison as

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This idea was described by Madison as "double security" in the context of the Federalist Papers, specifically Federalist No. 51. He argued that this division of power between the federal and state governments, and among different branches within those governments, would provide a safeguard against tyranny by making it more difficult for any single entity to gain too much power.

The Idea That "Power Surrendered by the People Is First