A qualitative researcher interprets what she sees in a setting and brings preliminary coherence to her observations and understanding. This is called

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Second-order interpretation involves the researcher's process of making sense of the data, going beyond mere observation to interpret the meanings and implications of what is observed. This contrasts with first-order interpretations, which are the participants' own understandings and explanations.

A Qualitative Researcher Interprets What She Sees in a Setting