What Was the Eventual Effect of the Black Nationalistic Efforts

What was the eventual effect of the black nationalistic efforts?

A) They really had little effect, since the antislavery movement eventually achieved its goal.
B) They were very influential, and a significant number of African Americans migrated.
C) They rarely included the input of blacks, since whites controlled most of the organizations.
D) Black nationalism led to an increase in urban riots by blacks during the 1840s.