Question 1

Which of the following, according to Van Hoose & Kottler (1985) is "a philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduct and moral decision making"

Accepted Answer

Ethics is the philosophical discipline concerned with human conduct and moral decision making, as defined by Van Hoose & Kottler (1985). It involves the systematic examination of how individuals ought to act towards each other and what values should guide their behaviors.

Question 2

Which of the following involves judgment and evaluation of actions and is associated with words such as good, bad, right, wrong, ought, and should?

Accepted Answer

Morality involves judgment and evaluation of actions and is associated with concepts of right and wrong, as well as terms like good, bad, ought, and should.

Question 3

All of the following are moral principles described by Kitchener (1984) except

Accepted Answer

Kitchener's moral principles include Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, Autonomy, Fidelity, and Justice. Capacity is not listed among these principles.

Question 4

A counselor struggles between protecting a client's welfare and respecting a client's freedom of choice and action. The counselor is struggling with which two moral principles?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence involves acting in the best interests of the client (protecting the client's welfare), while autonomy respects the client's freedom of choice and action.

Question 5

A counselor who unintentionally harms a client would be breaking which moral principle?

Accepted Answer

Nonmaleficence is the moral principle that relates to the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally. Even if the harm is unintentional, violating this principle means the counselor has caused harm, which goes against the principle of nonmaleficence.

Question 6

Counselors who do not fulfill their obligations to clients are breaking which moral principle?

Accepted Answer

Fidelity refers to the obligation of counselors to be faithful to their commitments and promises to clients, ensuring trust and reliability in the counselor-client relationship.

Question 7

Which of the following ethical practices refers to truthfulness and integrity?

Accepted Answer

Veracity refers to the commitment to truthfulness and integrity, ensuring that one is honest and accurate in the information they provide.

Question 8

Mandatory ethics are followed when clinical mental health counselors

Accepted Answer

Mandatory ethics refer to the basic, minimal standards that professionals in the field must adhere to. These are the foundational rules and guidelines set by professional bodies to ensure that practitioners act legally and ethically. This choice directly reflects the concept of adhering to required minimal standards, distinguishing it from aspirational ethics, which involve higher-level reasoning and internalized principles.

Question 9

Aspirational ethics are followed when clinical mental health counselors

Accepted Answer

Aspirational ethics involve acting based on the ideals and principles of a profession, going beyond mere compliance with minimum standards. This means making decisions rooted in what is considered the highest standards of practice and ethical behavior, rather than just adhering to the basic requirements or external pressures.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to a set of rules that governs particular activities in society?

Accepted Answer

Law refers to a set of rules that are created and enforced by governmental or social institutions to regulate behavior, which directly governs particular activities in society.

Question 11

Which of the following is true concerning the relationship between ethical codes and the law?

Accepted Answer

Ethical codes are designed to provide guidance within a professional context and often clarify and elaborate on the ethical standards of a profession. They do not override the law but rather work within its framework, aiming to ensure that professionals conduct themselves in a manner that is both legally compliant and ethically sound.

Question 12

Which of the following, according to Welfel (2016) is the key reason for having ethical codes?

Accepted Answer

Ethical codes primarily serve to establish norms and expectations for practitioners, which helps minimize the risk of harm to others, as highlighted by Welfel (2016).

Question 13

All of the following are true regarding ethical codes except

Accepted Answer

Ethical codes are necessary for promoting ethical behaviors but not sufficient on their own. They provide a framework for ethical decision-making but cannot guarantee ethical behavior in every situation. Other factors, such as individual judgment and organizational culture, also play critical roles.

Question 14

According to the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics counselors are restricted from engaging in romantic or sexual relationships with clients for at least how many years after the termination of the counseling relationship?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the 2014 ACA Code of...

Question 15

At which step of Wheeler and Bertram's (2015) Legal and Ethical Decision-Making Model would a counselor consult the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics?

Accepted Answer

In Wheeler and Bertram's (2015) Legal and Ethical Decision-Making Model, Step 3 involves consulting the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics to determine if the issue is addressed within these guidelines. This step is crucial for ensuring that the counselor's decisions align with professional ethical standards.

Question 16

Court cases based on rulings that interpret a law according to a specific case establish what is known as

Accepted Answer

Case law is established by the outcome of former court cases and serves as a guideline for judges in making future rulings on similar issues. It is based on judicial interpretations of laws in specific cases.

Question 17

Which of the following best represents the ruling in the 1993 Napa County, California case involving Gary Ramona?

Accepted Answer

The case was decided on the duty to care legal concept, where the court found that therapists could be held liable for implanting false memories in a patient, which led to harm to a third party, Gary Ramona.

Question 18

In which legal case did the court maintain that communications between licensed psychotherapists and their patients are privileged and do not have to be disclosed in cases held in federal court?

Accepted Answer

Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) established that communications between licensed psychotherapists and their patients are privileged and protected from forced disclosure in federal court cases. This decision recognized the importance of confidentiality in therapeutic relationships.

Question 19

Which of the following is a term that refers to a wrong that legal action is designed to set right?

Accepted Answer

A tort is a civil wrong that causes someone to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act. It is a term that specifically refers to a wrong that legal action is designed to set right, unlike criminal law which deals with crimes against the state, case law which refers to law established through judicial decisions, and administrative law which governs the activities of administrative agencies of government.

Question 20

Which of the following refers to situations in which a mental health professional does not carry out his or her responsibilities in accordance with the standards of care outlined by the profession?

Accepted Answer

Negligence refers to the failure of a mental health professional to perform their duties to the standard of care expected within the profession, leading to harm or risk of harm to clients.

Quiz 2: Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling