Schneider and Colleagues Compared Memory for the Arrangement of Chess

Schneider and colleagues compared memory for the arrangement of chess pieces in experts and novices. Participants were early adolescents and adults. They found that

A) the adults in the study remembered less than the early adolescents on other memory tests that did not rely on expertise in chess.
B) expertise had no effect on memory performance.
C) it seems that experts are less likely to use memory strategies effectively in the area of expertise.
D) older age was associated with better performance when chess expertise was not relevant to the task.