Madeleine Notices That Her Young Infant Frank Seems Especially Alert

Madeleine notices that her young infant Frank seems especially alert when allowed to face the Inuit rug hanging on the wall. Madeleine speculates that Frank likes the black and white geometric patterns of the rug and decides to test her hypothesis using a reversal-replication design. In the first phase, Madeleine sits with Frank such that he faces a blank white wall and observes that Frank seems more interested in his fingers than anything else. She then moves where Frank can face the polar bearskin rug and notices that Frank starts to wiggle, make cooing sounds, and widen his eyes as he looks toward it. Should Madeleine conclude that the changes in Frank's behaviour were really caused by the Inuit rug?

A) Not yet. Madeleine should repeat the procedure to reduce the likelihood that the change in Frank's behaviour was merely coincidental.
B) Yes. There is clearly a cause-effect relationship between Frank's behaviour and what he is looking at.
C) No. It is inappropriate to infer a causal relationship with a sample size of one baby.
D) No. It is inappropriate to infer a causal relationship from a correlational study.