What field of science most influenced racial thinking at the end of the nineteenth century?

Question

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At the end of the nineteenth century, the field of biology, specifically the theory of evolution, played a significant role in racial thinking. Many believed that certain races were biologically inferior or superior to others, leading to the justification of discriminatory practices and policies. This idea was popularized by scientists such as Francis Galton and his concept of eugenics. Therefore, biology is the most influential field of science in shaping racial thinking at the end of the nineteenth century.

What Field of Science Most Influenced Racial Thinking at the End