The idea that species can remain unchanged for millions of years and then rapidly evolve within a short time is

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Punctuated equilibrium is the concept that species remain stable for long periods of time and then undergo rapid evolution during short periods, often as a result of sudden environmental changes or isolated populations. This contrasts with the idea of gradualism, where evolution is seen as a slow and steady process. Adaptive radiation and convergent evolution refer to different evolutionary processes.

The Idea That Species Can Remain Unchanged for Millions of Years