If a bacterium with the ability to survive the effects of an antibiotic "pops up" in a population, it most likely

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Spontaneous mutation is a common mechanism by which bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics. These mutations can occur randomly in the bacterial DNA, and if they confer an advantage in the presence of an antibiotic, the mutated bacteria can survive and reproduce more than those without the mutation.

If a Bacterium with the Ability to Survive the Effects