According to Shaw and McKay, what element was missing for new immigrant families living in transitional neighbourhoods that they were accustomed to in their previous environment?

Question

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Shaw and McKay identified the lack of informal social control mechanisms as a key element missing for new immigrant families in transitional neighborhoods, which contributed to social disorganization and higher crime rates. These mechanisms include community norms and networks that traditionally regulate behavior without the need for formal law enforcement.

According to Shaw and McKay, What Element Was Missing for New