A 45-year-old woman having her yearly physical examination was found to have a hard, painless lump in the upper lateral quadrant of the left breast. On examination with her arms at her sides, the left nipple was seen to be higher than the right, and a small dimple of skin was noted over the lump. On examination of the left axilla, three small, hard discrete nodules could be palpated below the lower border of the pectoralis major muscle. The right breast was normal. A diagnosis of carcinoma of the left breast was made, with secondary deposits in the axilla.
-The following statements concerning this patient are correct except which?
A) The contracting fibrous tissue of the malignant tumor had pulled on the lactiferous ducts of the nipple, raising it above the level of the opposite nipple.
B) The dimpling of the skin was caused by the fibrous tissue pulling on the suspensory ligaments of the breast.
C) The upper lateral quadrant of the breast is drained into the pectoral or anterior axillary lymph nodes.
D) The enlarged pectoral lymph nodes could be palpated against the surgical neck of the humerus.
E) The malignant tumor had spread by way of the lymph vessels to the pectoral lymph nodes.
Correct Answer:
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