The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by

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[II D $2 \mathrm{a}, \mathrm{b}]$. Turbulent flow is predicted when the Reynolds number is increased. Factors that increase the Reynolds number and produce turbulent flow are decreased viscosity (hematocrit) and increased velocity. Partial occlusion of a blood vessel increases the Reynolds number (and turbulence) because the decrease in cross-sectional area results in increased blood velocity $(\mathrm{v}=\mathrm{Q} / \mathrm{A})$.

The Tendency for Blood Flow to Be Turbulent Is Increased