Traditionally, there have been two basic approaches to planning, depending on where in the organizational hierarchy the planning function was initiated. These two basic approaches to planning are referred to as

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Top-down planning is initiated at the upper levels of the organizational hierarchy and is characterized by its directive nature, whereas bottom-up planning involves planning initiatives starting from lower levels of the organization, allowing for more employee input and engagement.

Traditionally, There Have Been Two Basic Approaches to Planning, Depending