The merge sort algorithm sorts a list by recursively dividing the list in half until each sublist has one element and then merging these sub-lists into the sorted order.

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Merge sort works by the divide and conquer principle, where the list is recursively split into halves until each sublist contains a single element, and then these sublists are merged in a sorted manner to produce the sorted list.

The Merge Sort Algorithm Sorts a List by Recursively Dividing