The development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations is a consequence of:

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Antibiotic resistance can arise through lateral gene transfer, where genetic material containing resistance genes is passed from one bacterium to another, as well as through mutation, where changes in a bacterium's DNA result in the development of resistance. Natural selection then favors the survival and reproduction of those bacteria with resistance traits, leading to the spread of resistant populations. Therefore, all of the above factors contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance.

The Development of Antibiotic Resistance Among Bacterial Populations Is a Consequence