Which of the Following Is the Basis of Richard Cloward

Which of the following is the basis of Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin's theory about the origins of juvenile gangs?

A) Lower-class boys interact with and gain support from other alienated individuals.
B) Gang delinquency represents a subcultural and collective solution to the problem
Faced by lower-class boys.
C) Joining a gang is part of the experience male adolescents need to grow up to adulthood.
D) Violent delinquent gangs arise out of conditions that encourage the development of a sociopathic personality in adolescents.