Why, According to Richard Redding, Do Juveniles Tried as Adults

Why, according to Richard Redding, do juveniles tried as adults have higher recidivism rates?

A) the sense of maturity juveniles feel about being tried and convicted as adults
B) the increased likelihood of juvenile victimization in the adult system
C) the increased focus on rehabilitation in the adult system
D) the learning of criminal mores and behaviors in prison