Experiments to measure the properties of the luminiferous aether were problematic for scientists in the early 20th century because there was no evidence for:

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The luminiferous aether was hypothesized as the medium for light waves, similar to how sound waves travel through air. However, experiments like the Michelson-Morley experiment failed to detect any difference in the speed of light due to the motion of the Earth through the supposed aether, leading to the conclusion that there was no evidence for the motion of observers relative to the aether. This was a key factor in the development of Einstein's theory of relativity, which eliminated the need for the aether concept by showing that the speed of light is constant in all inertial frames of reference.

Experiments to Measure the Properties of the Luminiferous Aether Were