Dr. Johnson indicates in his testimony that he tested the defendant in his office using a measure designed to identify suggestibility in an effort to help the defendant's claim that he was coerced by the police into speaking with them. The judge rules this information inadmissible because the setting in which the defendant was tested is not the same as an interrogation. This is a problem of

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The judge's concern about the difference in settings between the testing environment and the actual interrogation scenario points to a question of external validity. External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations, contexts, or people. In this case, the judge is questioning whether the test results obtained in the doctor's office can be applied to understand the defendant's suggestibility during the police interrogation.

Dr Johnson Indicates in His Testimony That He Tested the Defendant