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An observational study found a statistically significant relationship between regular consumption of tomato products (yes, no) and development of prostate cancer (yes, no), with lower risk for those consuming tomato products.
-Which of the following is a valid conclusion from this finding?
A) Something in tomato products causes lower risk of prostate cancer.
B) Based on this study, the relative risk of prostate cancer, for those who do not consume tomato products regularly compared with those who do, is greater than one.
C) If a new observational study were to be done using the same sample size and measuring the same variables, it would find the same relationship.
D) Prostate cancer can be prevented by eating the right diet.

Question

Use the following information for questions:
 An observational study found a statistically significant relationship between regular consumption of tomato products (yes, no) and development of prostate cancer (yes, no), with lower risk for those consuming tomato products.
-Which of the following is a valid conclusion from this finding?
A) Something in tomato products causes lower risk of prostate cancer.
B) Based on this study, the relative risk of prostate cancer, for those who do not consume tomato products regularly compared with those who do, is greater than one.
C) If a new observational study were to be done using the same sample size and measuring the same variables, it would find the same relationship.
D) Prostate cancer can be prevented by eating the right diet.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Observational studies can show associations but cannot definitively prove causation. The finding that the relative risk of prostate cancer is greater for those who do not consume tomato products regularly compared to those who do suggests an association, not causation.

Use the Following Information for Questions