The Kingdoms of England and France and Parts of Spain

The kingdoms of England and France and parts of Spain had which of the following in common during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

A) The rulers of all three states were chosen by the Catholic Church and had no power outside of church authority.
B) The monarchies of all three states were weak and plagued by constant fighting among powerful nobles seeking the crown.
C) All three monarchies were ruled by powerful women.
D) All three succeeded in expanding and centralizing the power of the monarchy.