Question 1

Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's sentiment that we like those who resemble us and are engaged in the same pursuits?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle's sentiment aligns with the concept of similarity and attraction, which suggests that people are more likely to be attracted to those who share similar characteristics and interests.

Question 2

Social distance studies measure

Accepted Answer

Social distance studies typically focus on the attitudes and perceptions individuals or groups have towards others, particularly in terms of acceptance and interaction, often measured among college students regarding racial and ethnic groups.

Question 3

Natives usually perceive strangers

Accepted Answer

Natives often perceive strangers categorically, meaning they classify them based on preconceived notions or stereotypes rather than individual characteristics.

Question 4

Which of the following categories of people are most tolerant of each other?

Accepted Answer

College students are often exposed to diverse perspectives and cultures, which can foster tolerance and understanding among them.

Question 5

Categoric knowing is associated with

Accepted Answer

Categoric knowing involves making judgments and generalizations to classify people based on perceived categories.

Question 6

____________________refers to the movement of people out of a country while _______________________refers to the movement of people into a new country.

Accepted Answer

Emigration refers to the act of leaving one's own country to settle in another, while immigration refers to the act of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

Question 7

Functionalist theory emphasizes

Accepted Answer

Functionalist theory emphasizes social equilibrium, focusing on how different parts of society work together to maintain stability and order.

Question 8

Thousands of people visit the United States on tourist visas. Some remain after their visas expire. This is considered a

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thousands of people visit the United States...

Question 9

Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation Created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as

Accepted Answer

Conflict theory is a sociological theory that emphasizes the role of conflict and power in society. It argues that society is divided into different groups with competing interests, and that these groups are in constant conflict with each other. Conflict theory was developed by Karl Marx, who believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements.

Question 10

Racism is an example of a/an

Accepted Answer

Racism is a belief that one race is superior to another. It is an ideology, or a system of beliefs, that is used to justify discrimination and oppression.

Question 11

A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably a(n)

Accepted Answer

Interactionists focus on how individuals interpret and give meaning to social situations, emphasizing the subjective aspects of social life.

Question 12

To a sociologist, a minority group

Accepted Answer

A minority group is defined by its lack of power and influence compared to the dominant group, not necessarily by its numerical size.

Question 13

When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice

Accepted Answer

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific social group, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting those from others as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Members of a minority group often practice endogamy to preserve cultural identity and cohesion.

Question 14

An example of an ascribed status is a

Accepted Answer

Ascribed status is a social position assigned at birth or involuntarily later in life, such as being female, which is not chosen or earned.

Question 15

A category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is a(n)

Accepted Answer

Race refers to a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are often regarded as a single group based on these traits.

Question 16

Ethnicity is

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity refers to shared cultural traits, such as language, religion, and traditions, that are learned or acquired, distinguishing it from race, which is often based on physical characteristics.

Question 17

Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to all others. In this case, Susan is judging the Japanese custom of eating raw fish based on her own cultural values, which she believes are superior.

Question 18

Juan is a young Hispanic male. He believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. His belief is an example of which theory?

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory explains how individuals derive part of their identity from the social groups they belong to, often leading to in-group favoritism and out-group bias. Juan's belief in the superiority of Hispanic families over white families reflects this in-group favoritism.

Question 19

In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism, and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are

Accepted Answer

Values are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful, and that serve as broad guidelines for social living. Freedom, individualism, and equal opportunity are examples of values in American culture.

Question 20

Social identity theory helps explain

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory explains ingroup favoritism as it describes how individuals derive part of their identity from the groups they belong to, leading to preferential treatment of ingroup members.

Quiz 1: The Study of Minorities