Question 1

Which of the following theories is not an alternative to the theory of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

The self-concept theory is not an alternative to cognitive dissonance; it is more about understanding one's identity and self-image, whereas the other options are theories that provide alternative explanations to cognitive dissonance.

Question 2

The theory that suggests that instead of changing our attitudes to justify our behaviour, we look at our behaviour to determine our attitude is known as

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that people determine their attitudes and preferences by interpreting the meaning of their own behavior.

Question 3

The theory that suggests that people look to their own behaviour to determine their attitudes is known as

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory posits that individuals determine their attitudes and preferences by interpreting the meaning of their own behavior.

Question 4

If you watch a lot of action movies and do not particularly dislike them, you will probably decide that you do like action movies; an example of the

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that people develop attitudes by observing their own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.

Question 5

People don't want to appear hypocritical; therefore they try to show attitudes and behaviours that are consistent. This is the premise of

Accepted Answer

Impression management theory suggests that people try to show attitudes and behaviors that are consistent in order to avoid appearing hypocritical.

Question 6

People can reduce arousal from cognitive dissonance by validating a part of their identity, even when that part of their identity is completely unrelated to the cause of the arousal. This is the premise of the theory of

Accepted Answer

Self-affirmation theory suggests that people can reduce discomfort from cognitive dissonance by affirming their self-worth in an unrelated domain, thus maintaining a positive self-image.

Question 7

In a 1993 study conducted by Steele, Spencer & Lynch, participants who received positive feedback on a personality test did not change their rating of albums based on the selection they made. This result demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

The study's result aligns with self-affirmation theory, which suggests that when individuals receive positive feedback, they feel affirmed in their self-worth and are less likely to change their opinions or behaviors to maintain self-consistency.

Question 8

According to ________________, people don't actually change their attitudes, but simply look to their own behaviour to determine what their attitudes are.

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that people infer their attitudes by observing their own behavior, rather than changing their attitudes directly.

Question 9

Who is the psychologist who proposed the self-perception theory?

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory was proposed by Daryl Bem.

Question 10

Impression management theory is to _______________ as self-perception theory is to ____________.

Accepted Answer

Impression management theory focuses on how individuals attempt to control the impressions others have of them, often by appearing consistent. Self-perception theory suggests that people infer their own attitudes and feelings by observing their own behavior.

Question 11

____________ is to self-affirmation theory as _________ is to self-perception theory.

Accepted Answer

Steele is associated with self-affirmation theory, while Bem is associated with self-perception theory.

Question 12

Some research finds that stating attitudes anonymously reduces the effects of cognitive dissonance. This research best supports which theory?

Accepted Answer

Impression management theory suggests that people are motivated to appear consistent to others, so anonymity reduces the pressure to maintain consistency, thereby reducing cognitive dissonance.

Question 13

What can be concluded about the relationship between self-affirmation and self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Self-affirmation helps individuals maintain their self-integrity, thereby reducing threats to self-esteem by allowing them to focus on their core values.

Question 14

Recall that in an experiment by Stone et al. (1997), participants were reminded that they did not volunteer. What did participants prefer to do to reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recall that in an experiment by Stone...

Question 15

Of the following, which do social scientists believe is the most likely explanation of behaviour leading to attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Self-affirmation theory is the most likely explanation of behaviour leading to attitude change because it suggests that people are motivated to maintain a positive self-concept. When their behaviour is inconsistent with their self-concept, they are likely to change their behaviour in order to maintain a positive self-image.

Question 16

The theory that people infer their attitudes by simply observing their behaviour is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that people infer their attitudes...

Question 17

Individuals are not motivated to be consistent, but rather they wish to appear consistent to others; a theory proposed by the _______ _______ theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals are not motivated to be consistent,...

Question 18

People can reduce arousal caused by cognitive dissonance by affirming a different part of their identity, even if that identity is not related to the cause of the arousal, according to the theory of _______ - _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People can reduce arousal caused by cognitive...

Question 19

When predicting attitudes, __________ cultures are more influenced by social norms; __________ cultures are more influenced by past behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures prioritize social norms and group harmony, while individualistic cultures emphasize personal past behaviors and individual preferences.

Question 20

Students in an individualistic and collectivist culture were asked to complete a marketing survey without pay (Cialdini, et al., 1999). In which cultures was compliance most influenced by other students' prior history of compliance with requests?

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals are more influenced by the behavior and norms of the group, so they are more likely to comply if they see others have done so.

Quiz 6: Attitude Formation and Change

Which of the following theories is not an alternative to the theory of cognitive dissonance?

The theory that suggests that instead of changing our attitudes to justify our behaviour, we look at our behaviour to determine our attitude is known as

The theory that suggests that people look to their own behaviour to determine their attitudes is known as

If you watch a lot of action movies and do not particularly dislike them, you will probably decide that you do like action movies; an example of the

People don't want to appear hypocritical; therefore they try to show attitudes and behaviours that are consistent. This is the premise of

People can reduce arousal from cognitive dissonance by validating a part of their identity, even when that part of their identity is completely unrelated to the cause of the arousal. This is the premise of the theory of

In a 1993 study conducted by Steele, Spencer & Lynch, participants who received positive feedback on a personality test did not change their rating of albums based on the selection they made. This result demonstrates the

According to ________________, people don't actually change their attitudes, but simply look to their own behaviour to determine what their attitudes are.

Who is the psychologist who proposed the self-perception theory?

Impression management theory is to ___ as self-perception theory is to .

____ is to self-affirmation theory as _ is to self-perception theory.

Some research finds that stating attitudes anonymously reduces the effects of cognitive dissonance. This research best supports which theory?

What can be concluded about the relationship between self-affirmation and self-esteem?

Recall that in an experiment by Stone et al. (1997) , participants were reminded that they did not volunteer. What did participants prefer to do to reduce dissonance?

Of the following, which do social scientists believe is the most likely explanation of behaviour leading to attitude change?

The theory that people infer their attitudes by simply observing their behaviour is known as _______________.

Individuals are not motivated to be consistent, but rather they wish to appear consistent to others; a theory proposed by the _ _ theory.

People can reduce arousal caused by cognitive dissonance by affirming a different part of their identity, even if that identity is not related to the cause of the arousal, according to the theory of _ - _.

When predicting attitudes, cultures are more influenced by social norms; cultures are more influenced by past behaviours.

Students in an individualistic and collectivist culture were asked to complete a marketing survey without pay (Cialdini, et al., 1999) . In which cultures was compliance most influenced by other students' prior history of compliance with requests?