Which of the Following Accounts in Part for the Decline

Which of the following accounts in part for the decline of the Italian Renaissance ca. 1500?

A) Routes through Russia to the East undercut the Italian monopoly of trade.
B) The creation of a single nation-state in northern Italy sapped the vitality of artistic patronage.
C) French and Spanish monarchs invaded the peninsula, cutting down on political independence.
D) Much of Italy was conquered by the Ottoman Turks.