Which of the Following Statements Regarding Affirmative Action Policies and Colleges

Which of the following statements regarding affirmative action policies and colleges and universities is true?

A) Affirmative action programs in higher education have been the subject of debate over the past few decades.
B) Affirmative action programs are unnecessary because there is equality of opportunity in colleges and universities.
C) Affirmative action programs in higher education are illegal because race can have no bearing on college admissions.
D) Affirmative action programs are ineffective in creating more opportunities for minority students.