Root Pressure Can Result in the Early Morning Appearance of Water

Root pressure can result in the early morning appearance of water droplets on leaves and flowers of low-growing plants.Which of the following does not contribute to the development of root pressure?

A) creation of tension in the xylem water column that leads to short-distance water movement
B) closed stomata
C) accumulation of ions from the soil by root epidermal cells
D) movement of ions from epidermis to xylem
E) creation of a water potential gradient between the xylem (lower ψ) and surrounding cells (higher ψ) in the root