Formation of Menisci,such as Occurs in a Tube Filled with Water,is

Formation of menisci,such as occurs in a tube filled with water,is an important factor in plant water movement.A meniscus is created by

A) the downward pull of gravity on the water column in the tube.
B) downward pressure from the atmosphere on the topmost layer of water molecules.
C) the water molecules along the walls of the tube being pulled upward by adhesion.
D) the topmost layer of water molecules being pulled downward by the water molecules below.