On What Grounds Does Shaw Reject Retributivism

On what grounds does Shaw reject retributivism?

A) He argues that retributivist notion that criminals should be punished in proportion to the severity of their crime provides little practical guidance.
B) He argues that retributivism rests on notions such as "desert" and "fair play"-but that such notions are parasitic existing institutional arrangements.
C) He argues that there is more to punishment than seeing that people get what they deserve.
D) All of the above