How Do Institutions Constrain Leaders and Inform Opponents

How do institutions constrain leaders and inform opponents?

A) Leaders can easily hide their failed wars and avoid facing difficult elections due to them.
B) Democracies have established rules for secrecy that prevent controversial actions from leaking to the public.
C) Elections and public debates force leaders to commit to policies and risk punishment if they pursue bad policies.
D) Infrequent elections allow leaders to make the right choices instead of popular ones.
E) Democracies tend to have better taxation systems and general state capacity.