Why Might Sanctions Be INEFFECTIVE at Promoting a Change in a State's

Why might sanctions be INEFFECTIVE at promoting a change in a state's behavior?

A) Domestic groups tend to undermine the application of sanctions.
B) States cannot really prevent their own firms from violating sanctions.
C) Sanctions often hurt the people that outside states are trying to protect.
D) The WTO often declares sanctions to be illegal and antitrade.
E) Sanctions do not impose enough costs to meaningfully affect anyone.