Question 1

According to the Physician Task Force, an inadequate diet while pregnant can result in:

Accepted Answer

An inadequate diet during pregnancy can lead to the fetus having deficient brain growth due to lack of essential nutrients needed for proper development.

Question 2

A 2006 survey of 23 major U.S. cities revealed that:

Accepted Answer

The survey indicated that Blacks constituted a larger percentage of the homeless population compared to Whites in these cities.

Question 3

Homelessness has been fostered by:

Accepted Answer

The lack of affordable housing is a primary factor contributing to homelessness, as it limits the availability of housing options for low-income individuals and families.

Question 4

Proportionately, Blacks lose about twice as many years of life before age 65 as Whites because of chronic conditions.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that chronic conditions disproportionately affect Black individuals, leading to a higher loss of life years before age 65 compared to White individuals.

Question 5

We know less about the factors related to men's health because most medical research has focused on women.

Accepted Answer

Historically, medical research has often focused more on men, leading to a lack of understanding of women's health issues.

Question 6

A national study found that, regardless of income or education, Blacks are no less likely to seek care than Whites, and may be even more inclined to do so.

Accepted Answer

The study found that Blacks are no less likely to seek care than Whites, and may be even more inclined to do so.

Question 7

Stereotypes and general beliefs about racial and ethnic minorities and the poor held by physicians can affect diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Accepted Answer

Implicit biases and stereotypes can influence a physician's judgment, potentially leading to disparities in diagnosis and treatment for racial and ethnic minorities and the poor.

Question 8

Historically, as concerns about the political involvement of women increased, there was a greater tendency to develop an image of madness that was distinctly feminine.

Accepted Answer

Historically, societal anxieties about women's roles often led to pathologizing their behavior, resulting in stereotypes and diagnoses that framed certain behaviors as madness, reinforcing gender biases.

Question 9

Lower-class women were once thought to be more fragile and vulnerable than upper-class women.

Accepted Answer

Historically, upper-class women were often perceived as more fragile and delicate due to their lifestyle, while lower-class women were seen as more robust due to their labor-intensive roles.

Question 10

Male doctors often see illness and complaints among women as having a psychological rather than physiological origin.

Accepted Answer

Historically, there has been a tendency for male doctors to attribute women's health issues to psychological causes, often due to gender biases and stereotypes in medicine.

Question 11

The social causation hypothesis suggests that becoming mentally ill causes one to fall in social class.

Accepted Answer

The social causation hypothesis suggests that being in a lower social class increases the risk of developing mental illness, not the other way around.

Question 12

Moving into a middle-class occupation alleviates distress among Blacks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Moving into a middle-class occupation alleviates distress...

Question 13

Feelings of self-mastery and control over one's life appear to be an important set of mediating influences on mental health.

Accepted Answer

Feelings of self-mastery and control can positively impact mental health by reducing stress and increasing resilience, acting as mediators between life circumstances and mental well-being.

Question 14

The lack of control experienced by the lower classes has been linked to their occupational experiences.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals in lower socioeconomic classes often have jobs with less autonomy and control, which can contribute to feelings of powerlessness and stress.

Question 15

Indications are that homelessness has decreased over the last two decades.

Accepted Answer

Data and reports from various sources indicate that homelessness has generally increased or remained a significant issue in many areas over the last two decades, rather than decreased.

Question 16

Violent crimes against the homeless have increased in the last decade.

Accepted Answer

Data and reports from various organizations and studies have indicated an increase in violent crimes against homeless individuals over the past decade.

Question 17

The United States spends a much higher percentage of its gross domestic product on health care compared to other industrial nation.s

Accepted Answer

The United States consistently spends a higher percentage of its GDP on healthcare compared to other industrialized nations, due to factors like higher prices for medical services and pharmaceuticals, administrative costs, and the prevalence of private healthcare.

Question 18

In a comparison of 37 major countries in 2003, the United States ranked 5th in life expectancy for men and
women.

Accepted Answer

In 2003, the United States did not rank 5th in life expectancy for men and women among major countries; it ranked lower.

Question 19

Although lower-income countries tend to have lower physical health, they tend to have better psychological health such as less depression.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that lower-income countries often face higher rates of mental health issues, including depression, due to factors like poverty, lack of access to mental health care, and social instability.

Question 20

Knowing the sex or race of a patient impacts mental-illness diagnoses by psychiatrists.

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists may be influenced by implicit biases or stereotypes related to sex or race, which can affect their diagnostic decisions.

Quiz 10: The Impact of Inequality on Personal Life Chances