Under acidotic conditions the liver will divert which of the following compounds to the kidneys as a means to increase the pH?

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Under acidotic conditions, the liver converts glutamate to glutamine, which is then transported to the kidneys. In the kidneys, glutamine is deaminated to produce ammonia, which helps to buffer excess hydrogen ions and increase the pH. Major reactions that involve the regulation of plasma pH as well as the level of circulating ammonia involve the hepatic and renal enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthase (GS), and glutaminase. The liver compartmentalizes GS and glutaminase in order to control the flow of ammonia into glutamine or urea. Under acidotic conditions the liver diverts ammonia to glutamine via the GS reaction. The glutamine then enters the circulation. In fact, glutamine is the major amino acid of the circulation and its role is to ferry ammonia to and from various tissues. In the kidneys, glutamine is hydrolyzed by glutaminase (yielding glutamate) releasing the ammonia to the urine. There the ammonia ionizes to ammonium ion, NH₄⁺, which reduces the circulating concentration of hydrogen ion resulting in an increase in the pH. Additionally, the glutamate can be converted to a-ketoglutarate yielding another mole of ammonia, which is ionized by hydrogen ions further increasing the pH

Under Acidotic Conditions the Liver Will Divert Which of the Following