How are norms created in the international system?

Question

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International norms are created through a process of socialization where a large number of states agree upon expectations of behavior. This can be seen in the evolution of norms such as the prohibition on the use of chemical weapons or the protection of human rights. It is through the collective acceptance and adherence to these norms that they become recognized as customary law in the international system. Norms can also develop through the establishment of international institutions, but this usually requires a significant number of states to support and participate in the institution. Hegemony can contribute to the adoption and spread of norms, but it is not the sole determinant of norm creation. Punishment for non-compliance with norms may serve to reinforce their legitimacy but does not necessarily create new norms.

How Are Norms Created in the International System