Adam smokes cigarettes. His therapist told him he likely received too little gratification in the oral stage of development, and therefore he has __________.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, individuals who receive too little gratification during the oral stage of development may develop an oral fixation later in life, which can manifest in behaviors such as smoking, overeating, or nail-biting.

Adam Smokes Cigarettes