Charles Spearman's belief that there is a factor of general intelligence underlying all intelligent performance was based on his finding that

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Spearman proposed the theory of a general intelligence factor, "g", based on his observation that performance across different cognitive tasks tends to be correlated, suggesting a common underlying factor.  Charles Spearman carried out an early and influential application of factor analysis in the domain of intelligence. He discovered that the performance of individuals on a variety of intelligence tests was highly correlated. From this pattern he concluded that there is a factor of general intelligence underlying all intellectual performance. He called this factor "g."

Charles Spearman's Belief That There Is a Factor of General