Dr Jones Conducts an Experiment on Visual Perception

Dr. Jones conducts an experiment on visual perception. He has reason to believe that the gender of a subject is an important factor in perception. Consequently, he records the gender of his subjects and includes it as a variable in his data analysis. Assume that he finds a significant effect of gender in his data analysis. Dr. Jones is most likely to conclude that:

A) the gender of the subject causes changes in perception.
B) the gender of the subject is correlated with changes in perception.
C) the gender of the subject has no effect on perception.
D) the gender of the subject causes changes in perception and is also correlated with changes in perception.